Journal of Historical Geography

Question: 1.Identify and analyze two causes of world war I (nationalism and imperialism). Use historical examples to support your answer. Of the various causes of world war 1, which do you think was the most important and why?2.Analyze how the stipulation of the treaty of versatiles that ended world war I, along with the Great depression of the 1930s, contributed to the outbreak of the World War II. Then analyze significant ways in which World War II changed the world.3.Identify and analyze the main events of the Korean war and Cuban missile crisis. Then assess how these events affected the relationship between the united states and the soviet union. Identify and analyze the main events of the Korean War and Cuban Missile Crisis. Then assess how these events affected the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union.4.Analyze how the solidarity (solidarnose) movement in Poland led to the collapse of communism in Poland. Point out what events led to the growth of the solidarity mo vement, and then identify and analyze the events that followed Gorbachevs policy of political pluralism in Poland. Use specific details to support your answer then evaluate.5.Analyze how the ideas and actions of Jean Monnet led to the creation of the European Economic Union in 1958. Point out the events that led to the creation of the EEC, and what events followed. Clearly distinguish those countries that supported European unity and those that did not. Use specific details to support your answer. Then evaluate the relative success of the European Union (EU), in terms of its ability to create a "United States of Europe."6.Identify and describe two causes of the Second World War. Then analyze significant ways in which World War II changed the world. Answer: 1. Maier (2015) has stated that nationalism is one of the extreme forms of patriotism and faithfulness to ones nation. It can be seen that nationalism was ubiquitous in early 20th century in Europe and was a momentous cause for First World War. In the early 1990s, the nationalism created a fierce competition as well as rivalry between the powers of Europe. These powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Britain, France and Italy. In regards to become the greatest of the great nations, all the nations got engaged in rivalry and thus it can be stated that nationalism is one of the major reasons of World War I. On the other hand, it can be stated that imperialism and imperial rivalry provided both the reason and context for the World War I along with nationalism, militarism and secret alliances (Coffman, 2014). This produced a build-up of tension in Europe and exterior of Europe and during imperialism; the other three reasons as well were capable to largely influence the beginning of the First World War. Therefore, it can be stated that imperialism is defined as the overriding of one nation by another nation that was a chronic predicament prior to World War I because of the industrialist association. However, after focusing on both these parts, it can be stated that there is no particular reason of World War I, as this was the combination of four major reasons. Therefore, no specific reason can be identified as the cause of First World War and though it can be opined that imperialistic events were the foundation of the cause behind World War I (Goodwin, 2013). 2. Many historians have argued that Treaty of Versailles was one of the direct reasons of World War II. From history, it can be seen that on 28th June, 1919, the peace treaty of Versailles helped in putting the end of the First World War and this was marked by Germany and the Allies at the Palace of Versailles near Paris. It can be found that many voices at Versailles held Germany accountable for the war and were calling for the nation to be flattened economically as well as militarily, rendered incompetent for the potential belligerence (Gosney Hughes, 2016). Besides this treaty, many historians stated that Great depression of the 1930s as well was one of the reasons for the World War II. Great depression of the 1930s gave birth of several situations like unemployment in large scale, politics, empire building, self-interest and Britain and France too were reasons. America called in her loans to Germany and this significantly caused the collapse of Germany industry and this directly led towards the rise of Hitlers powers (Freud, 2015). The World War II significantly changed the world and Victory in Europe day marked the starting of World War II, seven years ago. Hovan (2014) has stated that even World War II was ending 70 years ago, most of the Americans already knew that had significantly transformed their country, but the thing they did not know was how much and how long the span would be. Apart from that, it can be stated that though Second World War resolved the issues raised in the First World War, it guided to the Cold War, followed by the partition of Korea, Germany and some confined wars in Vietnam and others (Jian, 2013). 3. In September, 1945, Korea alienated between North and South, after that in the year 1949, Soviets and Americans withdrew armed forces and after that in 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea. In the same year, on 27th June, Truman structured air and marine support for South Korea and called for UN interference. In the year 1950, U.S. multitudes assaulted at Inchon and Pyongyang drops to UN armed forces. At last, in the year 1953, Armistice formally re-established the division of Korea. Fidel Castro assumed the power after the Cuban Revolution and in the same year, on December 19, Cuba openly aligns itself with Soviet Union and their policies (Stone, 2014). However, it can be seen that after the Cuban revolution, Fidel Castro and his forces rise to power. It can be seen that Castro pledged not to have Cuba a communist state. The Soviet Union and the United States of, just after the Second World War, started an armed forces antagonism that guided to the buildup of the enormous nuclear weapon stores. However, it is required to mention that both these countries did not want a nuclear conflict, but they repeatedly built up their wrongdoings to frustrate one another. History says that before the Cuban Missile Crisis of the year 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union lived with the questions regarding how the other would act in response in a nuclear face-off. However, just after the Cuba disaster, both these two nations were sure that other was strong-minded to put off a nuclear holocaust, made stronger hard works to put off the uses of the infinitesimal armaments (Stueck, 2013). 4. Smith (2014) has stated in his research work that the commonality association in Poland was one of the most theatrical establishments in Eastern Europe throughout the Cold War. It can be stated that it was not an association that begin in 1980, but somewhat a persistence of the working class and the polish intelligentsia association that started in the year 1956 and this continued in two other risings, in the year 1970 and 1976. However, it can be stated that the harmony pressure group established intercontinental concentration, scattering anti-communist thoughts and rousing political achievement all through the rest of the communalist community as well as its authority in the ultimate fall of communication in Central and Eastern cannot be inconspicuous or discharged (Kubow, 2013). However, it can be stated that it was fundamentally the last straw for much of Polands employment power with thumps scattering almost at once transversely the nation, in spite of the nonexistence of any of the prearranged system. It can be started that whatever other feelings he might motivate, General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev has populace confused. Suffering from the acute symptoms to the cognitive dissonance, they still saw a very real change in the Soviet Union, yet felt that the system remained fundamentally the same (Kubow, 2013). 5. Jean Monnet was a pinnacle consultant o the French Government and the main encouragement behind the famous Schuman Declaration that was declared on 9 May 1950. This incident was the main reason of developing European Coal and Steel Community, which is measured as the birth of the European Union. Jean Monnet was the first executive of European Union between 1952 and 1955 (McCann Ortega, 2015). After six years of war, in 1945, Europe became devastated. All the countries began their initiatives to prevent third world war. However, because of Second World War, Europe was divided into East and West that shattered the economy of the community. None of the countries had the resources to rebuild their lives and cultures. The harsh winter made it more difficult to start the process of recovery. That was the time when European Economic Community was developed to support the countries in need. Countries that supported European Union are Belgium, Estonia, Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia and Slovakia. European Union faced challenges from Russia that is still creating problem for several countries that are trying to join European Union (Soetendorp, 2014). European Union is an incredible success as there are no similar projects that have 27 countries as members, that are working collaboratively. Those countries are working together to develop successful legislative, judicative and fiscal policies in order to protect the customers and people of Europe (Rehm, 2013). On the other hand, European Union is also known as the most successful peacekeeping policy that has successfully prevented World War III until now by creating strict rules and regulations. 6. Among some long term causes World War II, the main reason was found in the conditions preceding World War I. It is also said World War II was the continuation of World War I. Therefore, it can be said that World War II was expected even before the rise of Mussolini and Hitler. However, there were two main reasons that that influenced World War II. One was the rise of Italian fascism 1920s and Japanese militarism that facilitated the invasions of China in 1930 (Clayton Barnes, 2015). Other was the political take over by Hitler and his Nazi party that happened in Germany that exhibited aggressive foreign policy. During the year of 1931, depression struck Japan and its economy. Government of Japan failed to improve the economy of the country and at that time people started to favor the army of Japan. The Army of Japan believed that Manchuria being a vast and thinly populated area, would help the country to solve their over populated areas. They also believed that as the Manchuria was rich in forests and natural resources, it was perfect for Japan to improve their economy. However, Manchuria showed their allegiance to China (Clayton Barnes, 2015). That was the time when Japan invaded China by destroying a section of railway near Mukden a city of Manchuria. On the other hand, Hitler and his Nazi party started to spread their polices all around the country with an aim to control the world with the same policies. In the year of 1939, Germany attacked Poland and that was the beginning of Second World War. References Clayton, D., Barnes, T. J. (2015). Continental European geographers and World War II.Journal of Historical Geography,47, 11-15. Coffman, E. M. (2014).The War to End All Wars: The American Military Experience in World War I. University Press of Kentucky. Freud, S. (2015).Civilization and its discontents. Broadview Press. Goodwin, D. K. (2013).No Ordinary Time: Franklin Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II. Simon and Schuster. Gosney, M. W., Hughes, C. (2016). World War II. InThe History of Human Resource Development(pp. 89-101). Palgrave Macmillan US. Hovan, P. (2014). Great Depression of the 1930s. 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